Access to the internet is a fundamental right in today’s world, allowing people to connect with each other, access information and participate in a global economy. However, internet shutdowns have become an increasingly common method of control for governments around the world. The Access Now report titled “Weapons Of Control, Shields Of Impunity — Internet Shutdowns in 2022” highlights the alarming trend of internet shutdowns in India, which has had the most shutdowns globally for five years in a row now.

High Number of Shutdowns in India

The year 2022 saw the highest total number of shutdowns globally, with over 35 countries implementing shutdowns. This is compared to 25 in 2016, indicating the increased use of internet shutdowns as a method of control by governments around the world.

Legal Aspects of Internet Shutdowns in India

The proposed Draft Indian Telecommunication Bill would empower central and state governments with unrestricted powers to impose shutdowns, signaling the government’s intention to continue down this path. Additionally, several laws in India allow for the temporary suspension of telecom services, including the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885 and Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Under Section 69(A) of the Information Technology Act 2008, the government has the power to block websites but not the internet as a whole.

Impact of Internet Shutdowns

Internet shutdowns have serious consequences for individuals, businesses and the economy. Shutdowns can lead to communication breakdowns, loss of livelihoods, and hinder access to essential services like healthcare and education. Furthermore, the lack of transparency around shutdowns and the inability to challenge the orders further undermine the democratic principles of freedom of expression and the right to information.

MCQs on Impact and Legal Aspects of Internet Shutdowns in India

  1. Which law in India allows the government to block websites?
    A. Section 69(A) of the Information Technology Act 2008
    B. Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code
    C. Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code
    D. Right to Information Act

    Correct Answer: A. Section 69(A) of the Information Technology Act 2008
    Explanation:This provision gives the government power to block websites but not the internet as a whole.
  2. What are some of the reasons for internet shutdowns in India?
    A. Protests and active conflicts
    B. Exams and elections
    C. Cyber attacks
    D. Festivals and celebrations
    Correct Answer: A. Protests and active conflicts
    Explanation:The Access Now report states that protests, active conflicts, exams, and elections were some of the triggers for the shutdowns in India.
  3. What are the consequences of internet shutdowns?
    A. Communication breakdowns and loss of livelihoods
    B. Difficulty in accessing healthcare and education
    C. Undermining of democratic principles
    D. All of the above
    Correct Answer: D. All of the above
    Explanation:Internet shutdowns have serious consequences for individuals, businesses, and the economy. They can lead to communication breakdowns, loss of livelihoods, hinder access to essential services like healthcare and education, and undermine the democratic principles of freedom of expression and the right to information.

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